Advanced registered nurses are actively involved in patient assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluating
Advanced registered nurses are actively involved in patient assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluating
11:15amMar 1 at 11:15am
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Advanced registered nurses are actively involved in patient assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluating treatment plans. They utilize their knowledge in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to promote safety in medications use. Therefore, this paper reflects a patient’s experience including the factors that influence pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic processes and personalized plan that I would develop based on the case.
The selected patient for this case study is a 65-year-old male that was admitted due to hypertension, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease. The patient was prescribed treatments that included hypertensives, diuretics, and close monitoring of body fluid volume level. Several factors affected pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in this patient. They included age, multiple comorbidities, declining renal functioning, several drugs, and low immune status. Advancing age lowers the body’s ability to metabolize and excrete drugs. Decreased renal function lowers elimination of drug metabolites, increasing the risk of toxicity. The use of several medications increases the risk of unwanted side effects because of drug interactions (Hermida et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2021). The low immunity also affects the interaction between the drugs and target organs at cellular levels.
The personalized care plan I would develop for the patient in this case study would be patient-centered. I would prescribe medications that have low harm to the renal system. I will also monitor renal function tests closely to ensure that it is not compromised further. The other plan would be not prescribing drugs associated with increased risk of interaction (Berner et al., 2021; Kellerman & Rakel, 2022). I will also educate the patient about safe use of the prescribed medications.
In summary, patient factors affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The focus in patient treatment should be on ensuring safety, quality and efficiency. Therefore, I will develop a personalized care plan to minimize the risk of patient harm in the treatment process.
References
Berner, B., Gordi, T., Benson, H. A. E., & Roberts, M. S. (2021). Drug Delivery Approaches: Perspectives from Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. John Wiley & Sons.
Hermida, R. C., Hermida-Ayala, R. G., Smolensky, M. H., Mojón, A., & Fernández, J. R. (2020). Ingestion-time – relative to circadian rhythms – differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hypertension medications. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 16(12), 1159–1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2020.1825681
Huang, S.-M., Lertora, J. J. L., Vicini, P., & Jr, A. J. A. (2021). Atkinson’s Principles of Clinical Pharmacology. Elsevier Science.
Kellerman, R. D., & Rakel, D. P. (2022). Conn’s Current Therapy 2023—E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
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